Education in Ancient India – The Gurukul System Around 800 BCE Education in ancient India was not just about reading scriptures or learning discipline—it was a way of living . Around 800 BCE , the Gurukul system flourished across forests, small settlements, and hermitages, offering a rare blend of knowledge, spirituality, skills, and character-building . While modern education focuses on degrees, Gurukul focused on life , turning children into responsible, emotionally grounded, and wise adults. Let’s walk into a Gurukul and live one day as a student of 800 BCE… Living With the Guru — A Family Beyond Blood Students (called shishyas ) lived in the hermitage of their teacher, the Guru . There were no school buildings, benches, or classrooms. Instead, there were: mud huts open courtyards sacred fire altars (yajna kunda) libraries of palm-leaf manuscripts and forests filled with birds and the fragrance of sandalwood The Guru was not just a teacher—he was a p...
Preface Sociology studies the social aspects of human beings through scientific methods. It uses concepts, theories, and approaches to observe and interpret social phenomena. If you want a real introduction to sociology, it is essential to understand concepts like community, norms, social control, social processes, and change. Key questions include: What makes up a society? How is civilization built? Why does mobility occur in society? How do people fulfill their needs? Definition of Social Process MacIver : Social process is the way relationships among group members are established and transformed. Max Lerner : The essence of social process is movement, change, and continuous transformation in society. Since social processes vary across cultures, each society—tribal or modern—develops its own form. Social Action The framework of social change can be understood through social action . Max Weber defined sociology as the science of meaningful action. Social action ...