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Cultural Heritage of India: Sculpture and Architecture India is known worldwide for its rich cultural heritage. The diversity of sculpture and architecture has given a new identity to the history of India. It can be proudly noted that the ancient Indus Valley Civilization town planning of India was superior to the town planning of the contemporary world. Sculpture Sculpture is the art of carving various kinds of mental images into stone, wood, or metal with a chisel and hammer, using the artist's skill and talent. Architecture Architecture simply means construction. In Sanskrit, the word 'Vastu' is used for architecture, which is very popular. In this sense, the construction of houses, cities, wells, forts, minarets, temples, mosques, tombs, etc. is called 'Architecture'. The skill of 'Architect' is used in the art of architecture. Town Planning of Ancient India India has been an expert in town planning since ancient times. Many such towns have been found du...

Farmers and agriculture during British rule After gaining civil power in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha, the British got a vast area to increase their revenue. They started collecting more and more revenue at the expense of the peasantry and agriculture. As a result, the peasantry was ruined. Many times, farmers could not pay the revenue even by selling their household ornaments. As a result, their land was sold. Many of the farmers' land was drowned in debt. Some farmers became victims of the heavy interest rate of the moneylenders and became ruined. Agriculture collapsed. In this, a severe famine occurred in Bengal in 1770 AD. Millions of people died due to starvation. The Governor General named Cornwallis implemented a revenue system called permanent indentured servitude. According to this system, the company fixed the land revenue for each year. The permanent rights of the land were given to the landlords, that is, the company created a landlord class that would stand by its side by...

  Social movement Social movement is known as social movement. In English, the word 'Social Movement' is used for it. Since social movement or agitation ultimately takes place in society, its direct or indirect impact on the social system is felt. Hence, the word 'social movement' has been used in this unit. The term 'social movement' was first used in the 19th century, at that time it was used in a specific sense, and today this term has started being used to refer to many events such as the farmers' movement, farm labour movement, youth movement, labour movement, freedom movement, land grant movement, Navnirman movement in Gujarat, etc. At different times and under different circumstances, demands are made by different sections of society to create new systems instead of traditional institutions or values; but the demand for change is resisted and efforts are also made to maintain the existing systems and old habits. Thus, there is some form of conflict be...